| Report | Essay | |
| Purpose | to convey specific information | to show how well you have understood the question and how well you are able to answer it |
| Purpose | to present information, data, results of research | to present an argument or ideas in response to the essay question |
| Reader | is meant to be read quickly | is meant to be read carefully |
| Structure/Style | is structured into sections with different headings | is structured as an argument in one piece of prose, with clear Introduction, Body and Conclusion |
| Format/Style | uses numbered headings and sub-headings | does not usually use numbered sections |
| Referencing | may not need in-text citations and bibliography/reference list (depending on type of report) | always needs in-text citations and bibliography/reference list |
| Structure/Style | uses short, concise paragraphs and bullet-points where applicable | links ideas into cohesive paragraphs |
| Visuals/Style | uses visuals wherever necessary (tables, graphs, illustrations) | rarely uses visuals |
| Style/Writing | may be written using a mixture of styles | Is usually written in one (formal) style |
| Structure | may need an abstract (sometimes called an executive summary) | will only need an abstract if very long, or if tutor asks for one |
| Structure | often contain several conclusions, depending on the terms of reference( aims and purposes) | will contain a conclusion which answers the question |
| Structure | may end with recommendations and/or appendices | seldom has recommendations or appendices |
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