Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association,(6th ed., 2010)
This guide is based on the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. and provides only selected citation examples for common types of sources. For more detailed information please consult a print copy of the style manual.
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General Notes on APA Style
APA requires that the entire paper be double‐spaced, including all the lines in the reference list.
Number all pages consecutively, beginning with the title page, in Arabic numerals (E.g., 4, not IV)
in the upper right‐hand corner (Rule 8.03, p. 230).
You need to cite and document any sources that you have consulted, even if you presented the
ideas from these sources in your own words. You need to cite:
o to identify other people's ideas and information used within your essay.
o to inform the reader of your paper where they should look if they want to find the same.
sources
A citation must appear in two places in your essay:
o in the body of your text (“in‐text citations”).
o in the reference list (at the end of your paper).
To introduce other people's ideas in text, use the following examples:
Richardson argues, refers to, explains, hypothesizes, compares, concludes;
As Littlewood and Sherwin demonstrated, proved… etc.
Spelling: Merriam‐Webster's Collegiate Dictionary is the standard spelling reference for APA
journals and books (Rule 4.12, p. 96).
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